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Colorectal Cancer :: Early colon cancer diagnosis with colonoscopies made possible by Medicare

Early colon cancer or colorectal cancer diagnosis was made possible by changes in Medicare reimbursement policy few years back. The study was published by Yale School of Medicine researchers in the December issue of Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). The study was funded by a Beeson Career Development Award to Gross, and by the Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center at Yale.

Gene :: Cancer genes to better and earlier detection of lung, breast, prostate and colon cancer

A research team at UT Southwestern Medical Center has for the first time identified several genes whose expression is lost in four of the most common solid human cancers — lung, breast, prostate and colon cancer.

Health :: World health insurance to realize the right to health

There has been growing recognition in the international community that health should be considered a human right, but much less attention has been paid to the ensuing legal obligation to provide international assistance, says a team of authors from M?decins Sans Fronti?res, led by Gorik Oooms.

Botulism :: Wound botulism

In a case study in PLoS Medicine, doctors report on the case of a 35-year-old heroin user who came to the accident and emergency department with double vision, slurred speech, drooping eyelids and eye muscle weakness. The diagnosis turned out to be wound botulism. Wound botulism is a potentially fatal illness that occurs when spores of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum contaminate a wound, germinate and produce botulimum nerve toxin.

Circumcision :: Circumcision for prevention of HIV cost-effective

A team of researchers who conducted a landmark trial in Orange Farm, South Africa, which concluded that male circumcision can substantially reduce the risk of becoming infected with HIV, have now studied the economic aspects of this approach to preventing HIV/AIDS. Their new research, published in PLoS Medicine, suggests that circumcision could reduce the cost of health care in South Africa (and other sub-Saharan Countries), mainly through savings on the cost of HIV treatment.

Immunity :: Molecular on/off switch controls immune defenses against viruses

Much like flipping a light switch, the hepatitis C virus turns on human immune defenses upon entering the body but also turns off those defenses by manipulating interaction of key cellular proteins, UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers have found.

Gene :: Complexity constrains evolution of human brain genes

Despite the explosive growth in size and complexity of the human brain, the pace of evolutionary change among the thousands of genes expressed in brain tissue has actually slowed since the split, millions of years ago, between human and chimpanzee, an international research team reports in the December 26, 2006, issue of the journal, PLOS Biology.

Pregnancy :: Inflammatory bowel disease doubles pregnancy complications

Inflammatory bowel disease roughly doubles the chances of pregnancy complications, reveals research published ahead of print in Gut. Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD for short, is an umbrella term for the inflammatory disorders of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.

Dementia :: Study offers window into human behavior, brain disease

UCSF scientists have identified a cell population that is a primary target of the degenerative brain disease known as frontotemporal dementia, which is as common as Alzheimer’s disease in patients who develop dementia before age 65.

Dengue :: Dengue and other hemorrhagic fevers – Towards a first potential treatment

IRD immuno-virologists and their research partners have determined the mechanisms involved in the occurrence of the vascular leakage triggered by the Dengue virus. Metalloproteinases are responsible for the passage of plasma across the blood-vessel walls. These original results, validated first by in vitro tests then in vivo on a mouse model, open up the first line of attack for treatment against hemorrhagic Dengue and new perspectives for others hemorrhagic fevers, such as Ebola.