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ADHD :: Preschoolers with ADHD Improve with Low Doses of Medication

The first long-term, large-scale study designed to determine the safety and effectiveness of treating preschoolers who have attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with methylphenidate (Ritalin) has found that overall, low doses of this medication are effective and safe. However, the study found that children this age are more sensitive than older children to the medication?s side effects and therefore should be closely monitored. The 70-week, six-site study was funded by the National Institutes of Health?s National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and was described in several articles in the November 2006 issue of the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

Alzheimer’s Disease :: Antipsychotic Medications Used to Treat Alzheimer’s Patients Found Lacking

Commonly prescribed antipsychotic medications used to treat Alzheimer?s patients with delusions, aggression, hallucinations, and other similar symptoms can benefit some patients, but they appear to be no more effective than a placebo when adverse side effects are considered, according to the first phase of a large-scale clinical trial funded by the National Institutes of Health?s National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). The trial, known as the Clinical Antipsychotic Trial of Intervention Effectiveness study for Alzheimer?s disease (CATIE-AD), was published in the October 12, 2006, issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.

Pregnancy :: Drug Misoprostol Prevents PostPartum Hemorrhage in Resource Poor Settings

The drug misoprostol provides a safe, convenient, and inexpensive means to prevent postpartum hemorrhage, a major killer of women in developing countries. The study was conducted by researchers from the University of Missouri, India?s Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, the National Institutes of Health, and other institutions.

Prostate Cancer :: Prostate Cancer Among African American Men

Bethesda, Md. ? Researchers from 12 institutions, including the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), today announced the results of the first genome-wide linkage study of prostate cancer in African Americans. Using genetic markers, researchers identified several regions of the human genome that likely contain genes that, when altered, increase the risk of developing prostate cancer.

Dementia :: Researchers Discover Misfolded Protein Clumps Common to Dementia, Lou Gehrig?s Disease

Scientists have identified a misfolded, or incorrectly formed, protein common to two devastating neurological diseases, frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig?s disease), according to a report in the Oct. 6, 2006, issue of Science. The findings suggest that certain forms of FTD, ALS and possibly other neurological diseases might share a common pathological process.

Health :: Hostile men have poorer lung function

Men with short fuses may also be short of breath linking hostile temperament to poorer lung function.

Malaria :: John mcneil named scientific director of path malaria vaccine initiative

The PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative today announced the appointment of John G. McNeil, MD, MPH, as scientific director, effective immediately. Dr. McNeil will have principal responsibility for directing MVI’s early-stage vaccine development efforts and for shaping and managing MVI’s overall candidate vaccine portfolio.

Hypertension :: High blood pressure in children linked with sleep breathing problems

Children with high blood pressure may be at risk for sleep breathing disorders, according to a small study reported at the American Heart Association’s 60th Annual Fall Conference of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research.

Breast Cancer :: Breast cancer risk dependent upon ethnic variations in hormone levels

Researchers have known that a woman’s natural hormone levels can affect her risk of developing breast cancer. A new study from the University of Southern California (USC) has found that the natural levels of estrogens in post-menopausal women varies by ethnicity and race, and may explain the differences in the groups’ breast cancer rates. The study appears in the October issue of Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.

Breast Cancer :: Risk of anemia reduced by exercise in breast cancer patients

Women undergoing radiation treatment for breast cancer benefit from moderate intensity, regular aerobic activity, according to a new study. Published in the November 15, 2006 issue of CANCER, a peer-reviewed journal of the American Cancer Society, the study found that exercise improved the oxygen capacity of patients and maintained levels of red blood cells during radiation treatment. In contrast, women who did not exercise experienced significant declines in their oxygen capacity. This is the first study to investigate the effect of exercise during treatment.