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Alzheimer’s Disease :: Testosterone therapy prevents Alzheimer’s disease

Researchers at the University of Southern California have discovered a direct link between loss of testosterone and the development of an Alzheimer’s-like disease in mice. They also discovered that testosterone treatment slows progression of the disease.The study, published in the Dec. 20 issue of the Journal of Neuroscience, predicts that testosterone-based hormone therapy may be useful in the treatment and prevention of Alzheimer?s disease in aging men.

Brain :: Deal or no deal – Need for immediate reward linked to more active brain region

How people might play the popular game show — whether they’d accept an offer for quick cash or hold out for the chance to win $1 million — probably has less to do with what?s inside each briefcase than what’s inside each contestant’s brain, suggests a study. While researchers didn’t study players of the game, their research in normal adults provides new insight about reward-based decision making and may have implications for understanding and treating addiction.

Colorectal Cancer :: More patients diagnosed at earlier stage of colon cancer

Since Medicare raised the amount it will reimburse for colon cancer screening in 1998, there has been an increase in use of colonoscopies by Medicare beneficiaries, and a rise in the proportion of patients being diagnosed with colon cancer at an early stage, according to a study in the Dec. 20 issue of JAMA.

Breast Cancer :: Breast cancer stem cells resist radiation treatment

The population of breast cancer cells that gives rise to a tumor may be relatively resistant to radiotherapy and may even increase when given multiple treatments of radiation, a new study shows.

Prostate Cancer :: Statin use decreases prostate cancer risk

Use of cholesterol-lowering medications called statins is not associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer overall, but it is associated with a decreased risk of advanced disease, a large prospective study finds.

Vitamin D :: Vitamin D lowers multiple sclerosis risk

New research suggests that having higher circulating levels of vitamin D is associated with a reduced risk for multiple sclerosis, although this relationship was not seen for black and Hispanic individuals, according to a study in the Dec. 20 issue of JAMA.

Brain :: Electrical activity alters language used by nerve cells

University of California, San Diego biologists have shown that the chemical language with which neurons communicate depends on the pattern of electrical activity in the developing nervous system. The findings suggest that modification of nerve activity could have potential as a treatment for a wide range of brain disorders.

Brain :: Impulsiveness linked to activity in brain’s reward center

A new imaging study shows that our brains react with varying sensitivity to reward and suggests that people most susceptible to impulse — those who need to buy it, eat it, or have it, now — how the greatest activity in a reward center of the brain. The study appears in the Dec. 20 issue of The Journal of Neuroscience.

Bird Flu :: Avian flu vaccine tested at the University of Maryland School of Medicine

Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in Baltimore will begin a clinical trial in January to test the first cell culture-based pandemic influenza vaccine to see if it will provide immunity faster and more reliably than a vaccine produced in eggs. The new study is also the first test in the United States of a whole virus vaccine for avian influenza, which could produce a stronger response by the immune system.

Back Pain :: Workers’ compensation ratings don’t accurately predict disabilities

A study of settlement decisions in workers’ compensation claims for low back pain has found almost no relationship between the rating of the disability’s severity when the claim was settlement and reported pain and disability 21 months later.