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ADHD :: ADHD appears to be associated with depressed dopamine activity in brain

Adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show a blunted response to the drug methylphenidate (Ritalin), which increases brain dopamine levels, according to a report in the August issue of Archives of General Psychiatry, one of the JAMA/Archives journals. This suggests that dopamine dysfunction may be involved with ADHD symptoms and may contribute to substance abuse that often occurs simultaneously.

HIV :: FDA approves antiretroviral drug Maraviroc for HIV patients

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved maraviroc, an antiretroviral drug for use in adult HIV patients. Maraviroc, sold under the trade name Selzentry, is the first in a new class of drugs designed to slow the advancement of HIV and received priority review by the FDA.

HPV :: Dermatologists can help patients decide if new vaccines to prevent HPV and Herpes Zoster are right for them

For more than 200 years, vaccines have played an important role in the prevention of infectious diseases. In the United States, measles, mumps and rubella are now rare diseases thanks to vaccines. Now, two vaccines recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ? the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine and the herpes zoster vaccine ? are proving effective in protecting people from serious or potentially life-threatening diseases.

Diabetes :: Takeda responds to the FDA advisory committee recommendation

Following a joint meeting of the US Food and Drug Administration Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Committee and the Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory Committee, Takeda Global Research & Development underscores its position that ACTOS (pioglitazone HCl) offers a proven safety profile regarding the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Bipolar Disorder :: Wake-up pill under study to treat patients with bipolar disorder

A preliminary study of 85 patients with bipolar disorder shows that a drug used to treat patients with sleep disorders might also control the depressive symptoms associated with bipolar disorder. At least 44 percent of the participants in the study reported improved symptoms, a noteworthy improvement for a disorder in which new treatments are needed, according to the study’s author, Mark Frye, M.D., director of the Mayo Clinic Mood Disorders Clinic and Research Program.

Common Cold :: Zinc lozenges an ineffective treatment for colds

Despite 20 years of research, the benefits of zinc lozenges as a therapy for the common cold have not been proven. A new study, published in the Sept. 1 issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases, currently available online, reviews the 14 placebo-controlled studies from the past two decades and finds significant fault with 10 of the studies.

Pregnancy :: Progesterone treatment does not prevent preterm birth in twin pregnancy

Progesterone therapy does not reduce the chances of preterm birth in women pregnant with twins, reported researchers in a network sponsored by the National Institutes of Health.

Contraceptive :: Wyeth’s Lybrel low dose combination oral contraceptive now in US

Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, a division of Wyeth (NYSE: WYE), announced that Lybrel (90 mcg levonorgestrel/20 mcg ethinyl estradiol tablets) is now available by prescription in U.S. pharmacies.

Alzheimer’s Disease :: Drug donepezil improves symptoms of severe Alzheimer’s disease

A drug initially used to treat mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease improved the memory and global function of people with severe Alzheimer?s disease and was safe and effective, according to a study published in the July 31, 2007, issue of Neurology?, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.

Respiratory :: Steroid medications not effective in treating lower respiratory infections in children

The use of steroid medication to treat bronchiolitis ? a common viral lower respiratory infection in infants ? does not prevent hospitalization or improve their respiratory symptoms, according to a study published in the July 26 issue of The New England Journal of Medicine.