The off-label and untested use of drug-coated stents in the treatment of coronary artery blockage is common in US practice, and ischemic complication rates are higher among patients receiving drug-coated stents for off-label indications, according to two studies in the May 9 issue of JAMA.
Stents are tiny mesh tubes used to prop open an artery after balloon angioplasty is used to open an obstructed coronary artery. The newer drug-eluting stents are normal metal stents coated with a drug that is known to interfere with the process of restenosis (re-obstruction). Data on the use of drug-eluting stents outside of approved indications in real-world settings are limited, according to background information in the articles.
Nirat Beohar, M.D., of Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, and colleagues analyzed data from the D.E.S.cover Registry – a prospective, multicenter, observational study conducted at 140 U.S. academic and community hospitals, and consisting of 7,752 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI, balloon angioplasty) between January and June 2005. The study objective was to determine the frequency, safety, and effectiveness of drug-eluting stents for off-label and untested indications. Off-label indications included use of stents for restenosis, bypass graft lesion, and long lesions. Untested indications included left main, ostial, bifurcation, or total occlusion lesions.
The authors observed that approximately half of all use of drug-eluting stents occurs in off-label or untested settings. “Of 5,541 patients receiving drug-eluting stents, 2,588 (47 percent) received stents for off-label or untested indications,” they write.
“Compared with patients receiving drug-eluting stents for standard indications, those receiving such stents for off-label and untested indications tended to present with more severe clinical profiles, which would have excluded these patients from the pivotal randomized trials that led to FDA approval of drug-eluting stents,” they continue.
The authors report a significant difference in clinical outcome for patients in the off-label group was clearly evident by the 30-day follow-up. “Both observed and adjusted analyses indicated a greater than two-fold higher risk of death, MI [myocardial infarction, heart attack], or stent thrombosis [formation of a blood clot],” they write.
“Compared with standard use, short-term outcomes appear to be worse with off-label and untested use,” the authors conclude. “However, even with off-label or untested use of drug-eluting stents, overall absolute event rates both in hospital and at 12 months following PCI remain relatively low.”